Tool Steel Bars and Sheets

Product Details:

Alloy steels contain different varieties of steels that exceed the composition limits of Mn, C, Mo, Si, Ni, Va, and B set for carbon steels.

Fabrication and Heat Treatment Machinability:

• AISI 52100 alloy steel can be machined using conventional techniques
• The machinability of this steel can be improved by performing spherodizing annealing process at 649°C (1200°F) before machining

Forming:

• AISI 52100 alloy steel can be formed using all conventional techniques such as cold forging or stamping and hot or cold upset forming techniques

Annealing:

• AISI 52100 alloy steel is annealed at 872°C (1600°F) followed by slowly cooling to reduce cold working or machining stress

Heat Treatment:

• AISI 52100 alloy steel is heated at 816°C (1500°F) followed by quenching in oil
• Before performing this process, it is subjected to normalizing heat treatment at 872°C (1600°F) followed by slowly cooling in order to reduce the machining stress

Hot Working:

• AISI 52100 alloy steel can be hot worked at 205 to 538°C (400 to 1000°F)

Cold Working:

• AISI 52100 alloy steel can be cold worked using conventional techniques in the annealed or normalized conditions

Hardening:

• AISI 52100 alloy steel is hardened by cold working, or heating and quenching
• It can be carburized at 913°C (1675°F) followed by quenching. It is again heated at 788°C (1450°F) followed by quenching for the second time

Chemical Composition:
Physical Properties:
Mechanical PropertiesShow 102550100:
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Product Details:

Hardening:

• For best results harden in a vacuum or controlled furnace, or in a properly rectified salt bath.
• Pre heat thoroughly in two steps to 450-500°C, then to 820-870°C, transfer to the high temperature salt bath or furnace.
• The exact hardening temperature to use for M35 will depend on the type of work being treated, but in general components should be hardened from the range of 1050-1250°C.

Stress Relieving:

• If tools produced from M35 high speed steel are heavily machined or ground it is recommended to stress relieve after machining and prior to hardening to minimise the possibility of distortion.
• To stress relieve heat the component to 600-700°C and soak well (approx 2 hours) Cool slowly in the furnace.
• The tools can be finish machined before heat treatment.

Product Details:

Toughness and Brittleness:

• Toughness of a material determines whether it can be subjected to shock conditions, and the extent to which it may undergo deformity in shape but still not snap.
• If subjected to a proper treatment process, O1 Tool Steel tends to be very tough.
• As opposed to toughness, brittleness measures whether a material will snap instead of getting deformed, when load is applied.
• Alloy steels like O1 Tool Steel are less brittle than cast or pig iron because of the presence of magnesium.

Product Details:

Oil Hardening Non Shrinking Die Steel, Blanking and stamping dies, Punches, Rotary shear blades, Thread cutting tools, Milling cutters, Reamers, Measuring tools, Gauging tools, Wood working tools, Broaches, Chasers. An ideal type oil-hardened steel which is economical and dependable for gauging, cutting and blanking tools as well as can be relied for hardness and good cutting performance. O1 Tool Steel is an electric-furnace melted, oil-hardened, non-shrinking, general-purpose tool steel. It is chemically composed of approximately 0.95 percent carbon, 1.1 percent manganese, 0.6 percent chromium, 0.6 percent tungsten and 0.1 percent vanadium. The hardening temperature of O1 tool steel is between 790 degrees Celsius and 820 degrees Celsius.

Strength and Hardness:

• Strength of a metal determines the extent to which it may deform when load is applied on it.
• Strength can be measured based on various parameters, such as the maximum ability to take strain, resistance to wear and tear, impact handling, or how the material performs when subjected to frequently changing load conditions.
• Strength generally increases as the carbon and manganese content increases. Given the high percentage of both of those, O1 Tool Steel is strong.
• Hardness of a material indicates its resistance to get indented that is not temporary (i.e.; it persists even after the load conditions are removed, as opposed to the strength that is an indication of its performance only when the load is applied), and carbon is also the primary hardening element in steel.

Physical Properties:
Forming:

Product Details:

Cold work tool steels are employed for the manufacture of tools for applications involving surface temperatures below 200°C. In this temperature range, the steel must feature the following properties in order to guarantee tool resistance to the high stresses arising from the numerous machining and shaping procedures.

 

Product Details:

• Superior hardness
• High wear resistance
• Good toughness
• Excellent compressive and impact strength
• High dimensional stability in heat treatment
• Sufficient machinability

 

Production Description:

• Micro-Melt® 420-CW tool steel is a corrosion-resistant, high vanadium wear-resistant tool steel produced using Carpenter’s Micro-Melt powder process.
• The wear resistance of this grade is comparable to Micro-Melt A11-LVC alloy. Micro-Melt 420-CW alloy also is comparable in toughness to Micro-Melt A11 alloy.
• Micro-Melt 420-CW may be considered for those applications where 440C and D2 tool steels do not have adequate wear resistance or for applications where A11-LVC, A11, D2 or other tool steels do not have adequate corrosion resistance.
• Many of the benefits realized in the use of Micro-Melt powder metals, such as Micro-Melt 420-CW alloy, are a direct result of the refined microstructure (small, uniformly distributed carbide particles and a fine grain size) and the lack of segregation in the powder metallurgy product.
• These advantages include ease of grinding, improved response to heat treatment, greater wear resistance, and increased toughness of the finished tool.

 

Decarburization:

• Micro-Melt 420-CW tool steel, like all high carbon tool steels, is somewhat susceptible to decarburization in hardening.
• Means of preventing decarburization are well known.
• Modern furnaces that employ protective environments, such as protective atmospheres, salt pots, fluidized bed furnaces and vacuum furnaces, should present no difficulty with decarburization of this alloy.

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D2 steel is an air hardening, high-carbon, high-chromium tool steel. It has high wear and abrasion resistant properties. It is heat treatable and will offer a hardness in the range 55-62 HRC, and is machinable in the annealed condition. D2 steel shows little distortion on correct hardening. D2 steel’s high chromium content gives it mild corrosion resisting properties in the hardened condition.Cold-work tool steels include the high-carbon, high-chromium steels or group D steels. These steels are designated as group D steels and consist of D2, D3, D4, D5, and D7 steels. These steels contain 1.5 to 2.35% of carbon and 12% of chromium. Except type D3 steel, all the other group D steels include 1% Mo and are air hardened. Type D3 steel is oil-quenched; though small sections can be gas quenched after austenitization using vacuum.

 

Equivalent materials to D2 tool steels are:

• DIN 1.2379
• NI KU
• B.S. BD 2
• ASTM A681
• FED QQ-T-570
• SAE J437
• SAE J438
• UNS T30402

Other DesignationsHeat Treatment:

• D2 steels should be preheated very slowly to 815ºC (1500ºF) and then temperature can be increased to 1010ºC (1850ºF).
• They are then held at 1010ºC (1850ºF) for 20 to 45 minutes and air cooled (air quenched).

Forging:

• Forging of D2 steels can be done from 1065ºC (1950ºF) down to 954ºC (1750ºF).
• Do not forge below 926ºC (1700ºF).
• Soaking time = time at austenitlzIng temperature after the tool is fully heated through.

Annealing:

• D2 is supplied in the annealed and machineable condition.
• Re-annealing will only be necessary if the steel has been forged or hardened by the toolmaker.
• To anneal, heat slowly and uniformly to 900°C. Soak for three to four hours and allow to cool in the furnace to room temperature.
• Re-heat to 800-1040°C and again soak for three to four hours.
• Allow to cool in the furnace to room temperature.

Tempering:

• D2 steels can be tempered at 204ºC (400ºF) for achieving Rockwell C hardness of 61 and at 537ºC (1000ºF) for a Rockwell C hardness of 54.

Chemical Composition:
Mechanical Properties:
Thermal Properties:

Product Details:

M35 5% Cobalt tool bits are designed for heavy duty machining alloy steels and tough materials, such as castings and forgings. They have high heat and abrasion resistant properties and are best used when making heavy cuts, at high speeds and feeds, or where high heat is a factor.

Property:

• Cobalt added M2 high speed steel in which the cobalt addition provides hot hardness, The improved hot hardness makes the steel suitable for machining high-strength and prehardened steels, high-hardness alloys

Chemical Composition:
Physical Properties:

The mechanical properties of M35 molybdenum high speed tool steels are tabulated below:

The following table shows the thermal properties of M35 molybdenum high speed tool steels:

Heat Treatment:

Product Details:

Characteristics:

• With good hardenability and abrasion resistance.
• With high oxidation resistance, good corrosion protection after quenching and polishing and little deformation through heat treatment

 

Annealing:

• Heat to 840-880°C, cool slowly.
• This will produce a maximum Brinell hardness of 255. To secure uniform softness.

Product Details:

• A popular grade for toolmakers, D2 is used in a wide variety of tool making applications.
• Typical applications include blanking dies and punches for sheet in stainless steel, brass, copper, zinc and hard abrasive materials generally.
• Other application include deep drawing dies, cupping dies, forming dies, sheet metal forming rolls, shear blades for strip and sheet including flying shears, circular cutters for cold rolled strip, trimmer dies, thread rolling dies, cold extrusion dies, broaches, plug gauges, ring gauges, special taps, straybolt taps, brick and tile mould liners, master hobs for cold hobbing plastic moulds and cut moulds for plastics

Hardening:

• Harden from a temperature of 1000-1040°C followed by oil, warm bath (500-550°C, cooling bath or air.
• Hardness after quenching is 62-64 HRC.

Chemical Composition:

Quenching Process:
Tempering Process:
Forging:

Product Details:

M2 is a general purpose molybdenum high speed steel. This grade is characterized by balanced Combination of abrasion resistance, toughness and good red hardness. Due to its comparatively low Carbon content, M2 has an excellent combination of toughness properties and abrasion resistance When properly hardened and tempered. M2 is used in a wide used for all kinds of cutting tool, knife and punch and die applications. Molybdenum high speed steels are designated as Group M steels according to the AISI classification system. Over 95% of high-speed steels manufactured in the US are group M steels. Tungsten is present in all types from M1 to M10, except M6, and cobalt is not present in any these steels. Molybdenum high speed steels have similar performance when compared to tungsten high-speed steels. However, the initial cost of molybdenum tool steels is lower. Titanium nitride, titanium carbide and several other coatings can be used in the tools made of this kind of steels through physical vapor deposition process to improve the performance and life span of the tool.

Other designations that are equivalent to M2 molybdenum high speed tool steels include:

• AFNOR 06-05-04-02
• DIN 1.3343
• UNI KU
• JIS SKH9
• SS 2722
• B.S. BM 2
• FED QQ-T-590
• ASTM A597 (CM-2)
• ASTM A600
• SAE J437
• SAE J438
• UNS T11302

Chemical Composition:

 

The mechanical properties of M2 molybdenum high speed tool steel are tabulated below:

The following table shows the thermal properties of M2 molybdenum high speed tool steels:

Product Details:

Thread rolling dies, Hobs, Cold extrusion tools and dies, Punches, Draw plates and dies, Cutters, Measuring tools, Pressure casting moulds, Blanking, Reamer, Finishing rolls for tyre mills. This type of steel has high dimensional stability with added wear resistance coupled with excellent edge holding qualities. Cold-work tool steels include the high-carbon, high-chromium steels or group D steels. These steels are designated as group D steels and consist of D2, D3, D4, D5, and D7 steels. These steels contain 1.5 to 2.35% of carbon and 12% of chromium. Except type D3 steel, all the other group D steels include 1% Mo and are air hardened. Type D3 steel is oil-quenched; though small sections can be gas quenched after austenitization using vacuum. This makes tools made with type D3 steel brittle during hardening. Type D2 steel is the most commonly used steel among the group D steels.

The other designations of D5 tool steels are:

• ASTM A681
• SAE J437
• SAE J438
• UNS T30405
• FED QQ-T-570

Heat Treatment:

• D5 steels should be preheated very slowly up to 815°C (1500°F), then temperature should be increased to 1009°C (1850°F) and held for 20 to 45 minutes.
• Then they are air quenched.

Forging:

• Forging of D5 steels can be done at 1065°C (1950°F) down to 1750°F
• Do not forge below 926°C (1700°F).

Annealing:

• Annealing of D5 steels should be done at 886°C (1627°F) followed by slow furnace cooling at 4°C (40°F) per hour or less.

Tempering:

• D5 steels can be tempered at 204°C (400°F) for achieving Rockwell C hardness of 61 and at 537°C (1000°F) for a Rockwell C hardness of 54.

Chemical Composition:
Physical Properties:
Mechanical Properties: